From the scientific side of things, fabric softeners are usually made up of surfactants, or "surface active agents," that get transferred to clothing/fabric in the washer or dryer (depending on the form). These surfactants actually form a layer of hydrophobic particles that result in feeling soft against your skin. There are a lot of different types of surfactants out there, but the ones used for softeners should have a low toxicology profile and cause no dermal sensitization. This is usually hard to do for babies, young children or people with allergies/sensitive skin. You can find a lot more information on the web just through a Google search.
I just saw this blog post on how to make wool dryer balls over at the Bummis blog. The article includes how they help soften clothes. I can't wait to make some to see if they actually work!
Oh how interesting. I have two plastic dryer balls that I bought from BBB a while ago that we use. I don't think they make things as soft as the artificial softeners, but they do fluff up the towels a bit!
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